Earthworks or land arts, dating from the late 1960s and early 1970s, are works in which natural elements are directly employed or the landscape rearranged and the resulting artwork tempered by exposure to the elements. The Hudson River School 1835 1870 housed the first great school of American landscape painters, who produced romantic and naturalistic renderings of the landscape of the Hudson River Valley and beyond. Turner 1775 1851, or dramatic events such as Th odore G ricault s The Raft of the Medusa 1819 and its portrayal of despairing shipwrecked sailors. The nineteenth-century Romantic tradition emphasized bold, dramatic paintings of nature for example, seascapes by the English painter J. Monet went on to paint beach and river scenes in France and England. the harbor at Le Havre, gave its name to the Impressionist movement he founded. This print by Currier and Ives shows a Mississippi riverboat loading logs. Of the final destination 4 full movie French seascape painters, arguably the most significant was Claude Monet 1840-1926, whose oil-sketch Impression: Sunrise 1874, portraying The riverboat era was romanticized by various painters in the nineteenth century.
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A tradition of Dutch marine artists dates back to the seventeenth century, and led to the proliferation of professional marine artists in Britain. He drew it in detail, studied it closely, was in awe of its power he had witnessed terrible floods and storms, and designed complex canal systems and locks. The brilliant Renaissance painter, sculptor, and inventor Leonardo da Vinci 1452 1519 was fascinated by water, which he described as vetturale di natura the vehicle of nature. Royal barges are painted on the walls of Egyptian tombs dating to 1360 Ships and ports appear on medieval manuscripts and Renaissance frescoes. Rivers, lakes, and seas were once the great highways of the world, and much art shows water as a backdrop to everyday life. Distinctive the final destination 4 full movie art components include Oceanic Arts, that is, the visual arts of the southern and northwestern Pacific Islands. In the famed eleventh-century Bayeux Tapestry, the English Channel is represented by embroidered wavy black lines. In ancient art, water was often represented by stylized curvilinear forms, such as the spiral as evidenced by the Minoans of Crete or a horizontal zigzag as found in the art of ancient Egypt. A Call to Action: An Ecological Bill of Rights and Responsibilities Enviroarts, 1995 challenges the American arts community to forge a creative, national response to erosion, poisoned water and air, among other social and environmental threats.
Contemporary environmental writers such as Rick Bass, Wendell Berry, Alison Hawthorne Deming, Barry Lopez, Peter Matthiessen, Richard Nelson, Robert Michael Pyle, Scott Russell Sanders, Gary Snyder, and Terry Tempest Williams fundamentally link the literary arts with environmental awareness and responsibility, often rooted strongly in a sense of place and community. This may include oral readings, poetry, fiction, nonfiction, and drama. Today s environmental literature denotes a written work that investigates the the final destination 4 full movie between people and nature.